Reported Speech

REPORTED SPEECH

Direct and indirect speech

(kalimat langsung dan tak langsung)

Direct speech (kalimat langsung)ialah kata-kata (kalimat) yang diucapkan langsung dari pembicaraan.Kalimat-kalimat langsung (direct speech) dapat diceritakaan kembali dengan cara lain tanpa mengubah arti dan tidak lagi mengulangi pembicaraan , tetapi menceritakaan apa yang dikatakan oleh pembicara . kalimat yang demikian itu disebut indirect speech (kalimat tak langsung)

1. Perubahan Tensis

KALIMAT LANGSUNG                       KALIMAT TAK LANGSUNG

-          Present tense                                                          - past tense

-          Present continues tense                                         - past continous tense

-          Present future tense                                               - past future tense

-          Present prefect tense                                              - past prefect tense

-          Present prefect continous tense                             - past perfect continous tense

-          Past tense                                                                - past prefect tense

-          Past continous tense                                               - past prefect continous tense

-         Past future tense                                                      - past future perfect (conditoinal past perect)

-          Future continous tense                                            - conditional continous

2. Perubahan Keterangan Waktu dan Tempat

Now =  than 

Yesterday  = the day before 

 Last night = the night before

Last week = the week before 

Last Sunday = the Sunday before 

Two days ago = two days before 

Five years ago = five years before 

Today = that day 

Here = there

This = that 

These = those

Can = could 

Will = would

Shall = should

May = might

3. Perubahan Subject

I = he/she

You = I

They = We

We = They

 

4. Perubahan to be (kata bantu)

Is - Was

Am - Was/Were

Are - were

Do/Does - Did

Do/ Does not - Did not

5. Perubahan Verb (Kata Kerja)

V1 - V2

V2 - Had V3

Has/Have+V3 - Had+V3

Was/Were+Ving - Had been+Ving 

Direct and Indirect Speech ada 3 macam:
1. Statement (Pernyataan) yang menggunakan “that”
He said, “we will go to Singapore tomorrow”
He said that they would go to Singapore the next day.
Bob said, ” I’m a university student”
Bob said that he was a university student.

2. Command (Perintah) menambahkan kata “to” sebagai penghubung kalimat melaporkan dengan yang dilaporkan. “not to” dalam perintah negatif.
He told me, “wait for me !”
He told me to wait for him.
She told me, “don’t cheat anymore !”
She told me not to cheat anymore.

3. Question (Pertanyaan) jika kalimat dari jenis “yes or no question”, maka bentuk laporannya menggunakan if atau whether.
Ina asked me, “Do you really love me?”
Ina asked me if/whether I really loved her.
Mixed type:
Contoh:
Anton asked me, “what’s happening to you ? You look so pale”
Anton asked me what was happening to me as I looked so pale.
Catatan: Past Tense kadang-kadang tidak berubah dalam percakapan.

Contoh :

1. Scientist predicted, "Tornadoes will take place in the midwest"

=> Scientist predicted that tornadoes would take place in the midwest.

2. The reporter reported, "Many people lose their house because of eartquake"

=> The reporter reported that we losed their house because of earthquake.

3. Nancy said "We are going to visit the victims of natural disaster"

=> Nancy said that they were going to visit the victims of natural disaster.

4. Bob said "I have worked hard for my property but it is gone"

=> Bob said that he had worked hard for my property but it is gone.

5. Jim said, "I was leaving town"

=> Jim said that he is leaving town.

6. David said, "They must help the injured ones"

=> David said that we have to help the injured ones.

7. Susan said, "I am away from home when there are earthquake"

=> Susan said that she was away from home when there are earthquake.

8. He told me, "Read the instruction before you switch on the computer"

=> He told me that to read the instruction before I switch on the computer.

9. He asked me, "Can you explain more slowly? I don't understand"

=> He asked me that I could explain more slowly. He didn't understand.

10. Jennifer asked, "What do you want to know?"

=> Jennifer asked him what I didn't want to know.

11. She asked, "Where is the teacher?"

=> She asked where was the teacher.

12. Mr. Peterson asked me, "Have you ever met Ms. Poweell?"

=> Mr.Peterson asked me if I had ever met Ms.Poweell.

13. Brian asked her, "Is gold biologically inactive?"

=> Brian asked her if gold was biologically inactive.