REPORTED SPEECH
Direct and indirect speech
(kalimat langsung dan tak langsung)
Direct speech (kalimat langsung)ialah kata-kata (kalimat) yang diucapkan langsung dari pembicaraan.Kalimat-kalimat
langsung (direct speech) dapat diceritakaan kembali dengan cara lain
tanpa mengubah arti dan tidak lagi mengulangi pembicaraan , tetapi
menceritakaan apa yang dikatakan oleh pembicara . kalimat yang demikian
itu disebut indirect speech (kalimat tak langsung)
1. Perubahan Tensis
KALIMAT LANGSUNG KALIMAT TAK LANGSUNG
- Present tense - past tense
- Present continues tense - past continous tense
- Present future tense - past future tense
- Present prefect tense - past prefect tense
- Present prefect continous tense - past perfect continous tense
- Past tense - past prefect tense
- Past continous tense - past prefect continous tense
- Past future tense - past future perfect (conditoinal past perect)
- Future continous tense - conditional continous
2. Perubahan Keterangan Waktu dan Tempat
Now = than
Yesterday = the day before
Last night
= the night before
Last week = the week before
Last Sunday = the Sunday before
Two days ago = two days before
Five years ago = five years before
Today = that day
Here = there
This = that
These = those
Can = could
Will = would
Shall = should
May = might
3. Perubahan Subject
I = he/she
You = I
They = We
We = They
4. Perubahan to be (kata bantu)
Is - Was
Am - Was/Were
Are - were
Do/Does - Did
Do/ Does not - Did not
5. Perubahan Verb (Kata Kerja)
V1 - V2
V2 - Had V3
Has/Have+V3 - Had+V3
Was/Were+Ving - Had been+Ving
Direct and Indirect Speech ada 3 macam:
1. Statement (Pernyataan) yang menggunakan “that”
He said, “we will go to Singapore tomorrow”
He said that they would go to Singapore the next day.
Bob said, ” I’m a university student”
Bob said that he was a university student.
2. Command (Perintah) menambahkan kata “to” sebagai penghubung kalimat
melaporkan dengan yang dilaporkan. “not to” dalam perintah negatif.
He told me, “wait for me !”
He told me to wait for him.
She told me, “don’t cheat anymore !”
She told me not to cheat anymore.
3. Question (Pertanyaan) jika kalimat dari jenis “yes or no question”, maka
bentuk laporannya menggunakan if atau whether.
Ina asked me, “Do you really love me?”
Ina asked me if/whether I really loved her.
Mixed type:
Contoh:
Anton asked me, “what’s happening to you ? You look so pale”
Anton asked me what was happening to me as I looked so pale.
Catatan: Past Tense kadang-kadang tidak berubah dalam percakapan.
Contoh :
1. Scientist predicted, "Tornadoes will take place in
the midwest"
=> Scientist predicted that tornadoes would take place in
the midwest.
2. The reporter reported, "Many people lose their house
because of eartquake"
=> The reporter reported that we losed their house
because of earthquake.
3. Nancy said "We are going to visit the victims of
natural disaster"
=> Nancy said that they were going to visit the victims
of natural disaster.
4. Bob said "I have worked hard for my property but it
is gone"
=> Bob said that he had worked hard for my property but
it is gone.
5. Jim said, "I was leaving town"
=> Jim said that he is leaving town.
6. David said, "They must help the injured ones"
=> David said that we have to help the injured ones.
7. Susan said, "I am away from home when there are
earthquake"
=> Susan said that she was away from home when there are
earthquake.
8. He told me, "Read the instruction before you switch
on the computer"
=> He told me that to read the instruction before I
switch on the computer.
9. He asked me, "Can you explain more slowly? I don't
understand"
=> He asked me that I could explain more slowly. He
didn't understand.
10. Jennifer asked, "What do you want to know?"
=> Jennifer asked him what I didn't want to know.
11. She asked, "Where is the teacher?"
=> She asked where was the teacher.
12. Mr. Peterson asked me, "Have you ever met Ms.
Poweell?"
=> Mr.Peterson asked me if I had ever met Ms.Poweell.
13. Brian asked her, "Is gold biologically
inactive?"
=> Brian asked her if gold was biologically inactive.